Macam-macam tenses dan contohnya

Pengertian Tenses
 Tenses adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja dalam tata bahasa yang menunjukan waktu terjadinya suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa dan tahap penyelesaiannya.
Macam-macam Tenses :

1 PRESENT TENSE
2 PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
3 PAST TENSE
4 PAST CONTINOUS TENSE
5 SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
6 PAST FUTURE TENSE
7 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
8 PAST PERFECT TENSE
9 FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE
10 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
11 PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
12 FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
13 FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
14 FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSE
15 FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSE
16 FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

Berikut ini adalah contoh-contoh tenses,

PRESENT TENSES
*Rumus:
1) Positif (+) = S+V1(es/s)+O
2) Negatif (-) = S+Do/does+Not+V1+O
3) Introgatif(?) =Do/does+S+V1+O

*Example:
1. (+) He writes a letter every month
(-) He doesn’t writes a letter every month
(?) Dors he writes a letter every month?
2. (+) She teaches English every week
(- ) She doesn’t teaches English every week
(?) Does she teaches English every week?
3.(+) They studys matematic every day
(- ) They don’t studys matematic every day
(?) Do they studys matematic every day?
4.(+) She works in the office every Monday to Saturday
(- ) She doesn’t works in the office every Monday to Saturday
(?) Does she works in the office every Monday to Saturday?
5.(+) They go to Jakarta every years
(- ) They don’t go to Jakarta every years
(? ) Do they go to Jakarta every years?

B.FUNGSI PRESENT TENSES
1. Dilakukan untuk melakukan perbuatan kebiasaan:
Ex:(+) He is works every day
(-) He is not works every day
(?) Is he works every day?
2. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kebenaran umum:
Ex:(+) A week has seven day
(-) A week has not seven day
(?) Has a week seven day?

C. Time Signal
1. Usually
Ex: I usually get up at 5 o’clock
2. Always
Ex: I always drink milk
3. Often
Ex: I often goes to my grand mother house
4. Generally
Ex: A rectangular has four corner
5. Seldom
Ex: She seldom goes to school by car

PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif : S+V.ing+O
2. Negatif : S+do/does+not+V1+O
3. Introgatif : Do/does +S+V1+O

*Example:
1. (+) I am teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI
(-) I am not teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI
(?) Am I teaching Englidh at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI?
2. (+) you are writing present continous now
(-) you are not writing present continous now
(?) are you writing present continous now?
3. (+) we are learning tenses now
(-) we are not learning tenses now
(?) are we learning tenses now?
4. (+) I am going to school now
(-) I am not going to school now
(?) Am I going to school now?
5. (+) Daus and Anis are running now
(-) Daus and Anis are not running now
(?) are Daus and Anis running now?

B. FUNGSI PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang terjadi
Ex: (+) I am going to Jakarta Now
(-) I am not going to Jakarta now
(?) Am I going to Jakarta now?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang bersifat sementara
Ex: (+) Chindy is writing now but he will explain soon
(-) Chindy is not writing now but he will explain soon
(?) Is Chindy writing now but he will explain soon?

C.TIME SIGNAL
1. Today
Ex : Iam today teaching English
2. Right now
Ex : Rini is working right now
3. When
Ex : Rina is coming hear when I go to park
4. Now
Ex : Roy is going to Bandung now
5. Still
Ex : He is still angry to me

PAST TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+) : S+V2+O
Negatif (-) : S+Did not+V2+O
Introgatif (?): Did+S+V2+O

*Example:
1. (+) Sarah invite me last week
(-) Sarah did not invite last week
(?) Did Sarah invite last week?
2. (+) I went to Jakarta yesterday
(-) I went not to Jakarta yesterday
(?) went I to Jakarta yesterday?
3. (+) You watch tv last week
(-) You did not watch tv last week
(?) Did you watch tv last week?
4. (+) I wrote letter to her last week
(-) I wrote not letter her last week
(?) Wrotw I letter her last week?
5. (+) It rain since at five o’clock
(-) It did not rain since at five o’clock
(?) Did it rain since at five o’clock?

B. FUNGSI PENGGUNAAN PAST TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang dimulai dan kejadian ituberakhir , pada masa yang lampau. Dan sampai sekarang ini , sudah tidak ada hubungannya lagi. Kejadian yang lampau itu, baik dilakukan secara berkali-kali atau sekali.
Ex: (+) I went yesterday
(-) I did not went yesterday
(?) Did I went yesterday?

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Last Year
Ex: I went to Yogjakarta last year
2. Yesterday
Ex: Dini went to my home yesterday
3. Last Week
Ex: I fineshed my worked lasr week
4. Ago
Ex: She taught English three days ago
5. Last Saturday
Ex: I went to here last Saturday

PAST CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+was/were+vVing+O
2. Negatif (-): S+was/were+not+v.ing+o
3. introgatif (?): was/were+S+v.ing+o

*Examp;e:
1. (+)The third year student were sitting behind the teacher’s now yesterday
(-) The third year student were not sitting behind the teacher’s now yesrterday
(?) Were the third year student sitting behind the teacher’s now yesterday?
2. (+) He was playing football yesterday
(-) He was not playing football yesterday
(?) was he playing football yesterday?
3. (+) They were working in the office yesterday
(-) They were not working in the office yesterday
(?) Were they working in the office yesterday?
4. (+) Tuti was reading a novel when I come yesterday
(-) Tuti was not reading a novel when I come yesterday
(?) was Tuti reading a novel when I come yesterday?
5. (+) They were studying Biologi at ten O’clock last Friday
(-) They were not studying Biologi at ten o’clock last Friday
(?) were they studying Biologi at temn o’clock last Friday?

B. FUNGSI PENGGUNAAN PAST CONTINOUS TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang sedang berlangsungdalam waktu yang bersamaan di masa yang lampau.
Ex: (+) I was going to garden when it began to rain
(-) I was not going to garden when it began to rain
(?) Was I going to garden when it gegan to rain?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada masa yang lampau.
Ex: (+) at three o’clock last week, She was reading
(-) at three o’clock last week,She was not reading
(?) at three o’clock last week,was she reading?
c. Bentuk ini, juga digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang bersamaan waktu dan berlangsung lama pada masa yang lampau.
Ex: (+) I was reading a book, while Ani writing a letter
(-) I was not reading a book,while Ani writing a letter
(?) Was I reading a book,while Ani writing a letter?

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Last Week
Ex: at seven o’clock last week
2. Yesterday
Ex: all day yesterday

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+shall+/will+V1+O
2. Negatif(-): S+shall/will+not+V1+O
3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+V1+O

*Example:
1. (+) He will go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning
(-) He will not go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning
(?) Will he go to pasir Panjang tomorrow morning?
2. (+) I shall study hard next mounth
(-) I shall not study hard next mounth
(?) Shall I study hard next mounth?
3. (+) I am go to Singkawang tomorrow
(-) I am not go to Singkawang tomorrow
(?) Am I ga to Sngkawang tomorrow?
4. (+) She will write this lesson next week
(-) She will not write this lesson next week
(?) will She write this lesson next week?
5. (+) I shall go to Medan tomorrow
(-) I shall not go to Medan tomorrow
(?) Shall I go to Medan tomorrow?

B. FUNGSI SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES
a. digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan.
Ex: (+) I shall go to Surakarta tomorrow
(-) I shall not go to Surakarta tomorrow
(?) Shall I go to Surakarta tomorrow?
b. Juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan syatu janji.
Ex: (+) I shall give you book tomorrow
(-) I shall not give you book tomorrow
(?) Shall I give you book tomorrow?
c. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu janji,tapi dengan syarat:
Ex: (+) Your mother will give you a new car if you past your exams
(-) Your mother will not give you a new car if you past your exams
(?) Will your mother give you a new car if you past your exams?
d. Digunakan untuk menyantks\an meminta tolong kepada seseorang.
Ex: (+) you will help me lift this table
(-) You will not help me lift this table
(?) Will you help me lift this table?

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Tomorrow
Ex: I shall work tomorrow
2. next week
Ex: I shall teach next week
3. Next Mounth
Ex: He will study in here next mounth

PAST FUTURE TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+V1+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+V1+O
3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+V1+O

*Example:
1. (+) I should go to Mojosari next day
(-) I should not go to Mojosari next day
(?) Should I go to Mojosari next day?
2. (+) He would by a car the day before
(-) He would not by a car the day before
(?) Would He by a car the day before?
3. (+) He would come if you invited him
(-) He would not come if you invited him
(?) Would he come if you invited him?
4. (+) You would give me this pen last Saturday
(-) You would not give me this pen last Saturday
(?) Would you give me this pen last Saturday?
5. (+) She would have breakfast before at seven
(-) She would not have breakfast before at seven
(?) Would she have breakfast before at seven?

B. FUNGSI PAST FUTURE TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan pada masa lampau.
Ex: (+) I should go to England last year
(-) I should not go to England last year
(?) Should I go to England last year?

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Last year
Ex: He would go to Semarang last year
2. Last week
Ex: They would trip a Paris last week
3. Before
Ex: I should by a car the day before
4. Next day
Ex: She should go to Riau next day
5. Invited
Ex: They would come if you invited him

PRESENT PERFECT TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Posituf (+) : S+have/has+V3+O
2. Negatif (-) : S+have/has+not+V3+O
3. Introgatif (?): Have/has+S+V3+O

*Example:
1. (+) We have learned English for two years
(-) We have not learned English for two years
(?) Have we learned English for two years?
2. (+) She has taught English since 1988
(-) She has not taught English since 1988
(?) Has she taught English since 1988?
3. (+) He has been to Jakarta before
(-) He has not been to Jakarta before
(?) Has he been to Jakarta before?
4. (+) He has a written a letter for thirty minutes
(-) He has not a written a letter for thirty minutes
(?) Has he a written a letter for thirty minutes?
5. (+) I have just spoken to him
(-) I have not just spoken to him
(?) Have I just spoken to him?

B. FUNGSI PRESENT PERFECT TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian di masa yang lampau tanpa menyebutkan waktu yang khusus (tertentu).
Ex: (+) I have gone to school
(-) I have not gone to school
(?) Have I gone to school?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan di masa lampau dan kegiatan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini.
Ex: (+) I have learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000
(-) I have not learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000
(?) Have I learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000?
c. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang baru saja telah terjadi.
Ex: (+) I have just read my book
(-) I have not just read my book
(?) Have I just read my book?

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Already
Ex: have had breakfast already
2. Three Times
Ex: I have been drink medicine three times a day
3. Finally
Ex: finally, He has started to finally

PAST PERFECT TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+had+V3+O
2. Negatif (-): S+had not+V3+o
3. Intrigattif (?):Had+S+V3+O

*Example:
1. (+) The train had left before I arrived
(-) The train had not left before I arrived
(?) Had the train left before I arrived?
2. (+) I had copied the lesson before she come home
(-) I had not copied the lesson before she come home
(?) Had I copied the lesson before she come home?
3. (+) I had come home before I week three
(-) I had not come home before I week three
(?) Had I come home before I week three?
4. (+) I had written this lesson before he called me
(-) I had not written a lesson before he called me
(?) Had I written a lesson before he called me?
5. (+) When my brother arrived, I had painted my car
(-) When my brother arrived, I had not painted my car
(?) When my brother arrived, had I painted my car?

B. FUNGSI PAST PERFECT TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang selesai sebelum kejadian lain terjadi dimasa lampau.
Ex: (+) I had come home before I when three
(-) I had not come home before I when three
(?) Had I come home before I when three?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu dimasa yang lampau.
Ex: (+) By the end of the mounth, she had lived here
(-) By the end of the mounth, she had not lived here
(?) Had by the end of the mounth, she lived here?

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. On
Ex: On sunday morning, I painted my car
2. When
Ex: When my brother arrived, I had painted my car
3. Before
Ex: The train had left before I arrived
4. After
Ex: She told me her name after I had asked her twice

FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+shall/will+be+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+shall/will+not+be+Ving+O
3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+be+ving+O

*Example:
1. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this station at four
(-) I shall not be waiting for you in this station at four
(?) Shall I be waiting for you in this station at four?
2. (+) I shall be studying at this time tomorrow
(-) I shall not be studying at this time tomorrow
(?) Shall I be studying at this time tomorrow?
3. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening
(-) I shall not be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening
(?) Shall I be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening?
4. (+) He will be working at this time tomorrow
(-) He will not be working at this time tomorrow
(?) Will he be working at this time tomorrow?
5. (+) She will going to be school together at seven o’clcok tomorrow
(-) She will not going to be school together at seven o’clock tomorrow
(?) Will she going to be school together at seven o’clock tomorrow?

B.FUNGSI FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu rencana, yang dilaksanakan mendatang.
Ex: (+) I will be going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow
(-) I will not going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow
(?) Will I going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow?
b. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan akan dilakukan dengan waktu tertentu, pada masa mendatang.
Ex: (+) I shall be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow
(-) I shall not be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow
(?) Shall I be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow?

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. At nine a o’clock tomorrow
Ex: I shall be working at nine a o’clock tomorrow morning
2. At this time next year
Ex: at this time next year, Peter will be traveling in Japan

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+have/has+been+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+have/has+not+been+Ving+O
3. Itrogatif (?): Have/has+S+been+Ving+O

*Example:
1. (+) I have been going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002
(-) I have not going to Painting Samudra for my holiday since 2002
(?) Have I going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002?
2. (+) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003
(-) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has not been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003
(?) Has Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003?
3. (+) She has been painting every day for a long time
(-) She has not painting every day for a long time
(?) Has she painting every day or along time?
4. (+) It has been raining since at six o’clock
(-) It has not been raining since at six o’clock
(?) Has it been raining since at six o’clock?
5. (+) The girl has been crying since he was a child
(-) The girl has not been crying since he was a child
(?) Has the girl been crying since has was a child?

B. FUNGSI PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk mnyatakan suatu perbuatan yang menjadi kebiasaan pada masa yang lampau, dan perbuatan itu masih berlangsung hingga saat ini.
Ex: (+) I have been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990
(-) I have not been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990
(?) Have I been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah terjadi dimasa lampau dan akan berlangsung sampiai sekarang.
Ex: (+) I have been studying here since 2000
(-) I have not been studying here since 2000
(?) Have I been studying here since 2000?

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. Since
Ex: We have been waiting for you since ne o’clock
2. For
Ex: She has been studying English for over five tears
3. This mounth
Ex: I have been studying at his place this mounth

PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+had+been+vVng+O
2. Negatif (-) :S+had+not+been+Ving+O
3. Introgatif (?): Had+s+been+ving+o

*Example:
1. (+) Dodi had been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her
(-) Dodi had not been looking for the girl for a year before heapplied her
(?) Had Dodi been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her?
2. (+) I had been playing a football when they came
(-) I had not been playing a football when they came
(?) Had I been playing a football when they came?
3. (+) She had been cooking a vegetable when he came
(-) She had not been cooking a vegetable when he came
(?) had she been cooking a vegetable when he came?
4. (+) When I came, his father had been leaving for six hours
(-) When I came, his father had not been leaving for six hours
(?) When I came, had his father been leaving for six hours?
5. (+) I had been waiting for you since at seven o’clock
(-) I had not been waiting for you since at seven o’clock
(?) Had I been waiting for you since at seven o’clock?

B. FUNGSI PASTPERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang berlangsung lama
sebelum kejadian yang lain di masa yang lampau juga.
Ex: (+) I had been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet
(-) I had not been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet
(?) Had I been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet?
C. TIME SIGNAL
1. When
Ex: I finished my dinner, Peter had been

FUTURE PERFECT TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+will/shall+have+V3+O
2. negatif (-) : S+will/shall+not+have+V3+O
3. Introgatif (?): Will/shall+S+have+V3+O

*Example:
1. (+) She will have written his lesson by time he go out
(-) She will not have written his lesson by time he go out
(?) Will she have written his lesson by time he go out?
2. (+) The game will finished by the time he get three
(-) The game will not finished by the time he get three
(?) Will the game finished by the time he get three?
3. (+) I shall have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow
(-) I shall not have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow
(?) Shall I have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow?
4. (+) We shall have played a basketball when he came
(-) We shall not have played a basketball when he came
(?) Shall we have played a basketball when he came?
5. (+) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will have left my house
(-) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will not have left my house
(?) When my uncle comes tomorrow, will my grandmother have left my house?

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PERFECT TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbutan yang akan selesai, Sebelum waktu yang lain dimasa mendatang.
Ex: (+) By next week he will have read this book
(-) By next week he will not have read this book
(?) Will by next week he have read trhis book?
b. Juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa akn selesai sebelum perbuatan lain, dimasa yang akan datang.
Ex: (+) When I comes, my uncle will have left my house
(-) When I comes,my uncle will not have left my house
(?) Will when I comes,my uncle have left my house?

C.TIME SIGNAL
1. By the end of
Ex: John will have done his work by the end of this week
2. By next
Ex: By next week he will have read this book

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+shall/will+have+been+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+shall+will+not+have+been+Ving+O
3. Introgatif (?):Shall/will+S+have+been+Ving+O

*Example:
1. (+) I shall have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow
(-) I shall not have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow
(?) Shall I have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow?
2. (+) By next fast day I shall have been teaching here six mounths
(-) By next fast day I shall not have been teaching here six mounths
(?) By next fast day shall I have been teaching here six mounths?
3. (+) Next moon Hevy will have been studying here for two years
(-) Next moon Hevy will not have been studying here for two years
(?) Next moon will Hevy have been studying here for two years?
4. (+) Next week Bu Yusni will have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one years
(-) Next week Bu Yusni will not have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one year
(?) Next week will Bu Yusni have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one year?
5. (+) He will have been working in the office at this time tomorrow
(-) He will not have been working in the office at this time tomorrow
(?) Will he have been working in the office at this time tomorrow?

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah dikerakan pada masa yang lampau,dan masih berlangsung pada waktu tertentu dimasa yang akan datang.
Ex: By the end of this year we shall have been studying Jerman for five year

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. By the end of this year
Ex: by the end of this year we shall have been studying Jerman for four year
2. By the end of this month
Ex: By the end of this month, I shall have been working in this office for five years

FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+be+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+be+V.ing+O
3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+be+V.ing+O

*Example:
1. (+) I should be finishing this home work at this time following week
(-) I should not be finishing this home work at this time following week
(?) Should I be finishing this home work at this time following week?
2. (+) We should be going to beach the following week
(-) We should not be going to beach the following week
(?) Should we be going to beach the following week?
3. (+) He would be flag ceremony at this time the following day
(-) He would not be flag ceremony at this time the following day
(?) Would he be flag ceremony at this time the following day?
4. (+) She would be finishing this job at this time following moon
(-) She would not be finishing this job at this time following moon
(?) Would she be finishing this job at this time following moon?
5. (+) They would be having examination at this time the following year
(-) They would not be having examination at this time the following year
(?) Would they be having examination at this time the following year?

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan sedang dilakukan pada masa yang lampau.
Ex: I should be taking an examination at this time the following day

C. TIME SIGNAL
Last week
Ex: At six o’clock last week, I should be buying in this supermarket

FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+have+V2+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+have+V2+O
3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+not+have+V2+O

*Example:
1. (+) I should have paif if I had come here
(-) I should not have paif if I had come here
(?) Should I have paif if I had come here?
2. (+) He would have sucses if he had worked here
(-) He would not have sucses if he had worked here
(?) Would he have sucses if he had worked here?
3. (+) She would have graduated if she had studied hard
(-) She would not have graduated if she had studied hard
(?) Would she have graduated if she had studied hard?
4. (+) I hoped that you would have married before you worked here
(-) I hoped not that you would have married before you worked here
(?) Would I hoped that you have married before you worked here?
5. (+) I hoped that you would have paif before you come here
(-) I hoped not that you would have paif before you come here
(?) Would I hoped that you have paif before you come hare?

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena syarat yang tidak terpenuhi, namun hanya sebagai bayangan saja.
Ex: (+) He would have graduated if he had studied hard
(-) He would not have graduated if he had studied hard
(?) Would he have graduated if he had studied hard?

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. If he had studied hard
Ex: They would have graduated if they had studied hard

FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
*Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+have+been+V.ing+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+have+been+V.ing+O
3. Inttrogatif (?): Should/would+S+have+been+V.ing+O

*Example:
1. (+) By last Febuary I should have been working this restaurant for one year
(-) By last Febuary I should not have been working this restaurant for one year
(?) should by last Febuary I have been working this restaurant for one year?
2. (+) By last July we should have been studying this school for three years
(-) By last July we should not have been studying this school for three year
(?) Should by last July we have been studying this school for three years?
3. (+) By last fast day he would have been living this apartement for five years
(-) By last fast day he would not have been living this apartement for five years
(?) Would by last fast day he have been living this apartement for five years?
4. (+) She would have been teaching English for one years by last Friday
(-) She would not have been teaching English for one years by last Friday
(?) Would she have been teaching English for one years by last Friday?
5. (+) The magazine would have been red by Anis
(-) The magazine would not have been red by Anis
(?) Would the magazine have been red by Anis?

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah sedang berlangsung pada waktu yang lampau.
Ex: (+) By last lebaran I should have been working in that office for five years
(-) By last  lebaran I should not have been working in that office for five years
(?) Should by last  lebaran I have been working in that office for five years?

C. TIME SIGNAL
1. By the end of this week
Ex: By the ed of this week, I should have come here
2. By the end of this mounth
Ex: By the end of this mounth, He would have graduated studied

Fraksi-fraksi Minyak bumi

Kalian udah dapet pelajaran KIMIA tentang Minyak Bumi?
Ok, ini adalah hasil portofolio saya hehe gak tau juga sih bener apa enggak.
Ini dia..

PORTOFOLIO

Mata Pelajaran : K I M I A              Nama      : Rezki Mutmainnah Ishar/ 20

Pokok Bahasan : Minyak Bumi             Kelas/Sem : XI MIA 1/ 1

Hari/ Tanggal : Sabtu, 13-09-2014     Sekolah    : SMAN 4 Watampone

M

inyak bumi merupakan campuran senyawa-senyawa hidrokarbon.  Pengilangan minyak bumi menghasilkan produk yang lebih berguna bagi kita dibanding minyak mentahnya. Setiap fraksi tersusun atas senyawa-senyawa hidrokarbon yang mendidih pada rentah suhu tertentu.  Pemisahannya dilakukan dalam kolom fraksinasi seperti berikut.

Pertanyaan :

1.                    Teknik pemisahan apa yang digunakan untuk memisahkan fraksi-fraksi tersebut?

2.                   Namailah setiap fraksi A sampai F dan sebutkan kegunaan masing-masing.

3.                   Mengapa fraksi-fraksi diambil dari kolom fraksinasi sesuai urutan tersebut?

4.                  Apa hubungan antara jawaban anda pada soal nomor 3 dan ukuran molekul dalam tiap    fraksi?

5.                   Fraksi manakah yang paling mudah terbakar?

JAWABAN

1.        Destilasi merupakan  cara pemisahan campuran komponen-komponen zat berdasarkan perbedaan titik didih, proses ini dikerjakan dengan menggunakan kolam atau menara distilasi. Minyak mentah dimasukan  kedalam tangki, kemudian di panaskan kurang lebih 350 derajat celcius – 370 derajat celcius, kemudian  minyak yang me nguap bergerak ke atas melalui pubble cups, sedangkan minyak cair turun ke bawah.

Fraksi minyak mentah yang tidak menguap menjadi residu. Residu dari hasil pemisahan minyak bumi diantaranya  paraffin, lilin, dan aspal.

Residu-residu ini mempunyai rantai karbon berjumlah lebih besar dari 20. Hasil-hasil dari pemisahan minyak mentah tersebut diperoleh fraksi-fraksi minyak bumi,  diantaranya gas alam, petrol eter, ligroin, bensin, minyak  tanah, solar, minyak pelumas, lilin, dan aspal. Fraksi-fraksi yang dihasilkan pada berbagai temperature pemisahan, ada yang berwujud gas, cair, dan padat.

2.        Nama setiap Fraksi-fraksi  1-6 dan Kegunaan Fraksi-Fraksi Minyak Bumi

1.             Gas
Rentang rantai karbon : C1 sampai C5
Trayek didih : 0 sampai 50°C

Kegunaan: Gas tabung/ bahan bakar elpiji, BBG, umpan proses petrokomia dan bahan baku untuk sintesis senyawa organik.

2.            Gasolin (Bensin)

Rentang rantai karbon : C6 sampai C11
Trayek didih : 50 sampai 85°C
Kegunaan : Bahan bakar motor, bahan bakar penerbangan bermesin piston, umpan proses petrokomia

3.            Kerosin (Minyak Tanah/ Avtur)
Rentang rantai karbon : C12 sampai C20
Trayek didih : 85 sampai 105°C

Kegunaan: Bahan bakar motor, bahan bakar penerbangan bermesin jet, bahan kompor parafin, bahan bakar industri, umpan proses petrokimia

4.            Solar

Rentang rantai karbon : C21 sampai C30
Trayek didih : 105 sampai 135°C
Kegunaan: bahan bakar industry, bahan bakar kendaraan bermesin diesel, minyak solar untuk kendaraan mesin diesel dengan rotasi tinggi

5.            Minyak Berat

Rentang rantai karbon dari C31 sampai C40
Trayek didih dari 130 sampai 300°C

Kegunaan: Minyak pelumas, lilin, umpan proses petrokimia

6.            Residu (Aspal

Rentang rantai karbon diatas C40
Trayek didih diatas 300°C

Kegunaan: Bahan bakar boiler (mesin pembangkit uap panas), aspal, bahan pelapis anti bocor.

3.        Minyak bumi atau minyak mentah sebelum masuk kedalam kolom fraksinasi (kolom pemisah) terlebih dahulu dipanaskan dalam aliran pipa dalam furnace (tanur) sampai dengan suhu ± 350°C. Minyak mentah yang sudah dipanaskan tersebut kemudian masuk kedalam kolom fraksinasi pada bagian flash chamber (biasanya berada pada sepertiga bagian bawah kolom fraksinasi). Untuk menjaga suhu dan tekanan dalam kolom maka dibantu pemanasan dengan steam (uap air panas dan bertekanan tinggi).
Karena perbedaan titik didih setiap komponen hidrokarbon maka komponen-komponen tersebut akan terpisah dengan sendirinya, dimana hidrokarbon ringan akan berada dibagian atas contohnya gas dan kolom diikuti dengan fraksi yang lebih berat dibawahnya contohnya residu.

Pada tray (sekat dalam kolom) komponen itu akan terkumpul sesuai fraksinya masing-masing. Pada setiap tingkatan atau fraksi yang terkumpul kemudian dipompakan keluar kolom, didinginkan dalam bak pendingin, lalu ditampung dalam tanki produknya masing-masing. Produk ini belum bisa langsung dipakai, karena masih harus ditambahkan aditif (zat penambah). Dan intinya fraksi yang terdapat pada bagian atas merupakan fraksi yang memilik titik didih yang lebih rendah sehingga pengambilannya harus dilakukan secara bertahap.

4.        Semakin keatas fraksi-fraksi tersebut memiliki molekul-molekul yang relatif sedikit seperti Molekul Karbon yang terdapat pada fraksi gas(fraksi paling atas/ringan) yang hanya memiliki 1 sampai 5 molekul karbon sedangkan pada fraksi Residu (fraksi paling bawah/berat)  memiliki molekul Karbon diatas 40.

5.        Kerosin (Minyak tanah), karena  minyak tanah merupakan bahan bakar hidrokarbon yang diperoleh sebagai hasil penyulingan minyak bumi dengan titik didih yang lebih tinggi daripada bensin; minyak tanah; minyak patra.

Gimana? udah bener gak? silahkan komentar kalau ada yang mau dikoreksi. Semoga bermanfaat yaa :). Ayoo tetep semangat belajarnya :)

Nama anggota keluarga dalam bahasa Jerman

Hello, ada yang tau bahasa jerman anggota keluarga kalian? Kalo belum tau stay aja disini, kali ini kita akan membahas tentang anggota keluarga dalam bahasa German (Deutsch)

Are you ready?

OK!

die Familie Simpsons

• die Eltern (hanya pl) – ibu dan babak
• die Mutter / die Mütter(pl) – ibu
• der Vater /die Väter(pl) – bapak
• der Bruder / die Brüder(pl) – saudara laki-laki
• die Schwester/ die Schwestern (pl) – saudara perempuan
• die Tante/die Tanten – tante
• der Onkel / die Onkels – om/paman
• der Sohn /die Söhne – anak laki-laki
• die Tochter / die Töchter – anak perempuan
• die Geschwister (hanya pl)- saudara sekandung
• die Großeltern – kakek dan nenek
• der Großvater – kakek
• die Großmutter - nenek
• der Schwiegersohn – menantu laki-laki
• die Schwiegertochter – menantu perempuan
• die Schwiegereltern – ibu dan bapak mertua
• der Schwiegervater – bapak mertua
• die Schwiegermutter – ibu mertua
• der Schwager – ipar laki-laki
• die Schwägerin/ die Schwägerinnen – ipar perempuan
• die Nichte – keponakan perempuan
• der Neffe - keponakan laki-laki
• der Vetter - sepupu laki-laki
• die Kusine (Cousine) – sepupu perempuan
• das Ehepaar/die Ehepaare - pasangan suami isteri
• die Ehefrau – isteri
• der Ehemann – suami
• der Enkel -cucu laki-laki
• die Enkelin – cucu perempuan
• die Urgroßeltern – kakek dan nenek buyut
• die Urgroßmutter – nenek buyut
• der Urgroßvater - kakek buyut
• der Urenkel - cicit laki-laki
• die Urenkelin – cicit perempuan
• der/die Angehörige,-n – anggota keluarga/sanak keluarga
• der/die Verwandte,-n – sanak keluarga/kerabat

Itulah beberapa anggota keluarga kalau jamak misalnya ibu bapak itu artikelnya pake die,kalau dia perempuan juga pake die dan laki-laki pake der materi selanjutnya mungkin saya akan membahas Pronoun, Semoga bermanfaat. Jangan bosan-bosan kunjungi blog saya. 

Dankeschön:)